This work has been focused on a cellulose pretreatment process using 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([DMIM]DMP) for subsequent hydrolysis over cellulase. Different operational variables (the amount of [DMIM]DMP, the pretreatment temperature, the pretreatment period) affecting the pretreatment were investigated. Additionally, the crystallinity index (CI) was characterized by FT-I...

A hemicellulose is any of several heteropolymers , such as arabinoxylans, present along with cellulose in almost all plant cell walls. Hemicellulose has a random, amorphous structure with little strength. It is easily hydrolyzed by dilute acid or base as well as myriad hemicellulase enzymes. In this study, lignin and hemicellulose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse using the ammonium hydrolys...

Although measurements of crystallinity index (CI) have a long history, it has been found that CI varies significantly depending on the choice of measurement method. In this study, four different techniques incorporating X-ray diffraction and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were compared using eight different cellulose preparations. We found that the simplest method, which is al...

Terahertz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has the ability to probe the crystallinity of several materials, due to the interaction of THz radiation with optical phonons in crystal lattices. In this work, THz-TDS has been used to quantify the degree of crystallinity of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) samples. The THz spectra of cellulose present absorption features which could be directly cor...

The degree of crystallinity of cellulose was used for assessing the degradation level of coated and uncoated samples of pine wood after weathering. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy measured the changes in the surface crystallinity of cellulose resulting from weathering, both natural and artificial. Both techniques revealed an increase in the crystallin...

BACKGROUND Previous studies on the use of SO2 and CO2 as impregnating agent for sugar cane bagasse steam treatment showed comparative and promising results concerning the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and the low formation of the inhibitors furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural for the use of CO2 at 205°C/15 min or SO2 at 190°C/5 min. In the present study sugar cane bagasse materials pretreated a...

BACKGROUND The crystallinity index (CI) is often associated with changes in cellulose structure after biological and physicochemical pretreatments. While some results obtained with lignocellulosic biomass demonstrate a progressive increase in the CI as a function of pretreatments, it is also shown that the CI can significantly vary depending on the choice of the measurement method. Besides, the...

Abstract A low-crystallinity index chalcedony was found in the rhyolitic ignimbrite of Late Jurassic Zhangjiakou Formation, located Longhua County, Hebei Province, China. This occurs as fillings along fragile fractures host rock and is distinct from any other deposits, such known basalt carbonate-related types. The ignimbrite, comprising sanidine (50–70 vol.%), plagioclase (10–15 quartz (8–10 m...